Strengths And Weaknesses Of Communication, Teamwork, And...

I have some weaknesses and strengths in regards to communication, teamwork, and social intelligence. I am weak at; †¢ Supporting others with their needs †¢ Active listening †¢ Being sympathetic towards others situations †¢ Not interrupting others Some of my strengths are; †¢ I can analyze and understand other people’s emotions very easily †¢ I have a high social and emotional intelligence †¢ I can control my actions to the point of being great at poker †¢ I can communicate easily through the written language †¢ I can put my thoughts in a logical sequence when writing †¢ I’m very natural at leading people and drawing out peoples opinions †¢ I’m good at public speaking and enjoy drawing peoples into what I’m talking about. My plan of action in order to work on my weaknesses is first and foremost practice my active listening. I am very easily distracted (literally ADD), so for me listening is a very hard task to do especially if I’m not that interested in what the other person has to say. I need to practice active listening more. I believe my biggest weakness for active listening is I always try to put my two cents in. Sometimes people just want to be heard. I’m very opinionated so it’s hard for me to understand that people don’t want my opinion. My next big weakness for active listening is not paying attention or discarding what people have to say. In a group work environment not paying attention to what others say is one of the worst things that you can do. I think that evenShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Emotions On Decision Making1313 Words   |  6 Pagesemotional intelligence (EQ) will be provided. Additionally, how I would ascribe to each of these attributes whi le making decisions will be discussed. 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Essay on Cyber Terrorism - 1167 Words

Cyber Terrorism Thus far we have scratched the surface of the ever-perplexing problem of terrorism. As it has evolved those in the position of countering it have also gained some valuable experience. Even with this knowledge it is very difficult, bordering on impossible to prevent terrorist acts from occurring. In the recent past there has been an extra element added to this confusing and dangerous equation, the Internet and other computer capabilities. Cyber-terrorism is a realistic possibility but is it as detrimental as other forms of conventional terrorism such as a car bomb? I will argue that the implications of a cyber attack could be just as harmful. Traditionally terrorist acts target a specific locale and are executed†¦show more content†¦On the contrary, the only tools needed for cyber-terror are the proper knowledge and a powerful computer. One of the key elements of terrorism is the creation of mass fear. This takes little effort with the use of computers. So many people are already intimidated by the efficacies of computers that the simplest cyber act could infuse a massive scare. Take for example the spreading of a virus. As soon as the word is out that a virus has been detected people take all possible actions to ensure that their files and data are protected. Taking this action to a higher level, if someone were to put a virus through a bank mainframe or something even bigger than that, then the general public would be afraid to make transactions over the computer and would return to doing business in person. The concern related to cyber-terrorism is warranted although we have been lucky thus far not to have experienced firsthand anything devastating. In summary, cyber-terrorism opens opportunities for terrorists by expanding the arena and through the mass dependency on computers. So what leads me to believe that a cyber- terrorist attack could be just as harmful as conventional terrorism? There are a few reasons which lead me to this conclusion. First of all, other forms of terrorism have been seen often enough to determine to some extent what to expect. Granted there are no guaranteed results of a conventional attack there areShow MoreRelatedCyber Terrorism1716 Words   |  7 PagesBank of America was the victim of a cyber terrorism attack; although no definitive evidence is available to substantiate that claim.   Cyber terror attacks pose a threat against the national security of the United States. In order to fully comprehend the threat that cyber terrorism poses, it is essential to understand the background, the effects, the reality of the threat and the future of cyber terrorism. This assessment examines the reality of the cyber terrorism threat, and also questions its validityRead MoreCyber Terror And Cyber Terrorism1843 Words   |  8 PagesCyber terrorism has brought and created a big threat to the society especially to the developed worlds. The threat has become so severe that it has captured the attention of th e media, security system and the information industry. Cyber terrorists attack their target electronically and needless to say that it endangers life it is also a national security threat. Since most of the infrastructure in the western worlds are computerized and networked, the threat is real and poses a great risk. Just likeRead MoreCyber Security And Terrorism : Terrorism1521 Words   |  7 Pages9:30am-10:45am October 4, 2016 Cyber Security Terrorism In the 21st century, humans continue to advance technology at an incredibly fast rate, which also indicates we become more dependent of the technology. Keep in mind, with more technology being available, new threats emergeï » ¿Ã¯ » ¿Ã¯ » ¿Ã¯ » ¿ constantly in the cyber-world. Everyday society seems to be integrating digitally more and more, meaning the US s infrastructure may be susceptible to attacks. Little is known about America s Cyber Security defenses, if anyRead MoreIntroduction to Cyber Terrorism2287 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction to Cyber Terrorism: Cyber Terrorism is an attack executed by Cyber Terrorists via information systems to significantly interfere with the political, social or economic functioning of a groups or organizations of a nation or induces physical violence and creates panic. We define hackers as individuals who wish to access, modify data, files and resources without having the necessary authorization to do so, and/or wish to block services to authorized users. Cyber Terrorists are individualsRead MoreCyber-War and Cyber-Terrorism Defined2092 Words   |  8 PagesCyber-War and Cyber-Terrorism Defined In order to properly answer the question posed we must first define what cyber-war and cyber-terrorism are. 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As a result national security was not important, this changed post World War II. The United States found themselves among the top, overnight they went from being new and not listened to, to becoming one of the major players in the world

International Retail Banking Bank of America

Questions: ScenarioIn January 2010, Head of Bank of America Corporation's (BoA) Digital Marketing group was discussing the bank's mobile strategy with the senior vice president, Mobile Product Development of BoA. BoA launched mobile banking in 2007 and within three years it had 4 million active customers. This success prompted line-of-business managers to request the executives of Digital Marketing Group and Mobile Product Development to include more functionality in the bank's mobile app that were specific to their businesses such as credit cards and mortgages. Thus the executives had to decide how to leverage the mobile platform for various businesses of the bank without creating confusion or increasing complexity for the average retail consumers. Recognizing the potential impact mobile technology could have on the entire banking industry, they also had to decide on how to position BoA's mobile banking in the long run.Question 1Considering the scenario regarding BoA, discuss the growth of mob ile banking among retail banking customers both in the developed markets of the US and UK and emerging markets like China, India and Brazil. Your discussion should throw light on the awareness and expectations of the average banking customer in these countries with respect to the available applications and usage regarding mobile banking. Do not forget to consider and discuss the issues and challenges with respect to compliance and governance that may arise with the development of these mobile banking applications.(Hint: Wherever possible, please support your analysis with relevant examples, cases, academic / practitioner references and graphs / flow-charts.)Question 2Identify and discuss the problems in the risk-based capital approach suggested in Basel II by the Bank of International Settlement (BIS) to measuring capital adequacy among the banks. In their discussion, students should focus on the increased importance of cash reserve ratio as an important funding source to meet the d aily requirements of day-to-day banking and catering retail depositors especially during the time of financial crisis. Answer: Introduction A business model is characterized by large customer base, accounts and transactions, various products and services, reliance on technology, better pricing, and profitability. There is a massive level of cooperation between banks, retailers, business and consumers and scope for cross-selling to increase per customer revenue is known as retail banking (Sethuraman, 2015). In short it is focused on customer's money and management. Digital retail banking, on other hand does not compromise of brick and mortar banking but different branch networks with digitalization - mobile connections, Internet users, broadband penetration, smartphone penetration, tablet penetration, daily communication via digital channels, purchase relevant information from digital sources, first time purchasers via digital channels (rolandberger.com, 2015). Digital retail marketing offers the customer a base for online trading on four fundamental parameters- Product, Process, People, and Technology to realize its business objectives. It is perceived that customer satisfaction with product quality was the prime driver and service delivery factors varied considerably (Chavan and Ahmad, 2013). 1. Growth In developed and developing countries in terms of mobile (retail) banking customers under the scenario of Bank of America Corporations (BoA). Retail banking is stirred by something big across the world. There are bold bets on new digital technologies that are experiencing fundamental changes in the customer base resulting in their satisfaction and retention. Most banks are investing heavily on smartphones apps and tablets to conduct a wide range of banking activities. Attractive interactive tools are developed so that the customer analyses their spending habits and fortify their money management skills (Vater, et al., 2012). In today's date, it is hard to find a bank that does not provide online banking but in sometime this statement would be for mobile banking. The vision of banks for their digital channels can be analyzed by five years forecast done by Wipro Efma showing the vision for digital channels. It can be demonstrated in the figure below; Source: (Efma Digital Channels Survey, 2013) With the help of digital channels, it is production data regarding more profile customers, understanding the needs and target these customers in smaller segments with relevant offers (Pearson and Sundarrajan, 2013). Growth of mobile banking The current economic scenario gives banks an opportunity to identify their channels that are most relevant to the customer. Banks are shifting their trends from high-cost channels to low cost channels. Hence, reducing the total cost. There is a growing interest to make their communications channel agnostic, and this will help the banks to narrow down their channels by providing right product to the right customer. Today, the shift has changed to mobile banking for enhancing customer experience and reducing the overall cost of operations (Kanchan, 2012). Bank Behavior and its influence on customer loyalty There is a mass appeal for mobile banking. There is the rise in usage of developing countries like China and Indonesia. The growth of mobile has cut in branch as well as online usage. The respondents of mobile usage are expected from a young customer (who are less than 35 years of age) than older customers to bank via mobile devices banking. Therefore, mobile banking grew regarding all ages. Respondents most essentially turned to bank's website for help, followed by bank employees, direct mail and other websites. Almost half of the customers followed a combination of mobile and online banking to physical channels (Toit and Burns, 2014). United Statess The concept of mobile banking is there in many developing countries but the same cannot be said for United States. In recent years, some of the largest United States banks are following the Return to Retail' mantra. This is the stark contrast when in 1990s United States wanted to diversify their possibilities. The 2005 annual report stated their growing interest in retail and their confidence in the model to uptake many retail initiatives (Sethuraman, 2015). Also, mobile banking in US has followed a well-defined banking and payment system. U.S. consumers have benefitted from many mobile payment systems, so the need for mobile banking is negligible in United States. The advantage of financial institutions is to add value to depository customer services while adding together the customer retention benefits. They want to stay at the central position in a client account relationship, even if it comes to applications on a mobile device as they do physically in a branch. The demand of mobile technology by the customer is very high, but when it comes to mobile payments, it is uncertain as they lack experience. The consumers in United States have many choices for safe and secure payments but adding a mobile payment application should include new feature and value. The expectation of customers in payment should be convenient, inexpensive and reliable (Contini et al., 2011). The long term idea of a mobile system ecosystem is accompanied by business models, other components of moble expenses operating structure with guidelines and with potential to make or secure remote expenses and authenticating payments by means of card or internet. The future has been viewed as when the mobile phone becomes a consumer's wallet and provides a flawless customer experience. Therefore, mobile payments leverage a set of common standards and open platforms to guarantee its operatability. The future framework operated as mobile payments can be used anywhere in form of all card (debit, credit and prepaid) networks as well as ACH (Automated Clearing House) that works across all barriers and are recognized across all borders by all POS (Point of Sale) terminals. Hence a collaborative yet satisfactory business model can be seen as According to the above model, all these networks play into a model for retail mobile banking concerning mobile payments. Therefore, a successful ecosystem requires technology standards, coordination, and structure with industrially accepted formats. The format which will help in mobile banking are as Consumers Open Wallet. Platform for existing clearing settlement channels in mobile networks. Dynamic data substantiation for long term security and reliability carried out in all transactions. Leveraged existing standards for all adopted methods. Clarity in regulation- The mobile transactions will cross many layers of multiple regulatory agencies such that the need to understand the oversight regimen of each agency in the mobile payments environment. It has to be viewed by all parties as the need assigned to a workgroup[ to identify regulation gaps with sustaining resources beyond the MPIW membership. Mangers should be trusted for the provision of shared security. The ideas mentioned here are for success in U.S. mobile payments are not featural for any single member as they highlight the shared view of participants. Therefore, these measures in United States will help in creating a more sustainable and efficient economic system through partnership and sharing. United Kingdom Like United States, United Kingdom also has broadened its mobile banking facilities and customers have begin to access online services through their mobile and banks have started offering banking apps on smartphones and tablets. The central services typically provided are: Account balance checking services Transfer of money and payment services Loan requests Service locators for ATMs Personalized alert The recent developments can be done on withdrawal of ATM cash with a smartphone and using Touch ID' biometric fingerprint attribute. One can also send payments using Twitter handle as a function in the retail banking app in mobile phone. According to the proportion of bank customers using mobile banking in U.K. and U.S. are explained from 2011-2014 in the bar chart below. Source: (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 2015). According to the relation between U.K and U.S, both countries show rapid growth changes in the past years though the usage remains in minority. In 2015, it was estimated that there were 8 million more downloads as compared to last years and the user log in was 10.5 million a day in U.K. (The Impact Of Innovation in the UK Retail Banking Market, 2015). A recent survey showed how, retail mobile banking has impacted their lives feeling mobile banking app has resulted in controlling their finances on following reasons. Source: (ING,2015) Customer switching behavior has been evident, but the customer rating is still substantially low than other channels. Therefore, interviews have suggested that that mobile banking apps will be more used as a strategy for customer retention than customer acquisition. According to U.K. scenario, it is said that innovation in technology has been simulated so swiftly that the inducement fore the new customers have been undermined (The Impact Of Innovation in the UK Retail Banking Market, 2015). Example, the migrant customers send money to their families in remote villages. Hence, the global remittance market is large as well. But currently the remittance offered to these customers is illegal, unreliable, slow and expensive. Rural customers thereby are needed for managing their cash flow as well as their money (Gupta, 2013). The mobile maturity road map provides for 4 stages: The managed service mobility develops, manages and tests mobility on different platforms to leverage a cost of the saving model for the customer and sizeable deliveries in a distinctive environment (uk.capegemini.com, 2015). Today U.K. has to focus on a dual strategy that is as much about renewing and retaining the old customers already like as it is attracting new customers by adding new features and capabilities (Surti, 2015). Today, U.K. has the highest rate of mobile banking adoption. When it comes to smartphone, the penetration rate is much high but the innovation is slow as compared to other countries like Turkey. Also, the age demographic is skewed towards the young users; there is high potential of mobile banking becoming a significant feature in the times to come (Temiz and KINAY, 2015). Developing Countries like China, India and Brazil In developing countries, the mobile and wireless market has been one of the most developing markets in the world and it is still growing at a fast pace. Over the years, services offered by mobile banking includes Transferring funds, Managing deposits, Account information, Sending of chequebook request and so on (Vinayagamoorthy, et al., 2012). In relation with U.S. and U.K., developing countries show surprised figure for mobile adoption rates in terms of mobile banking. Source: (KPMG, 2015) In all developing countries, the branch experience is not so pleasant because of crowd and long queues. Though, India holds more banks as compared to United States as of 2013. Hence, when it comes to being a better indicator in expected banking experience, all developing countries loses their hold in front of United Staes when compared with population (Kvederis, 2015). But on the other hand, many people still resort to old and traditional technology. As far as Brazilian market is concerned, though the figures show increase in mobile penetration in the economy in 2015 but due to its infancy in the infrastructure of broadband and handset technology, it is an immediate priority for financial institutions to directly transform non-internet users to mobile banking users (Cruz et al., 2010). Hence, in countries like Bangladesh, Indonesia, China, India and Philippines where there is better infrastructure believe that mobile users have not fully exploited the data potentials in their mobile phones. The most influential factor in China still prevails with perceived usefulness of face-to-face communication with bank staff. However, social media in the mobile banking sector is still not considered to be trustworthy as compared to mass channels. The practical implications can be applied to bank staff where it can efficiently appropriate communication policies to change the consumer decision regarding mobile banking (Tran and Corner, 2015). The mobile openness in China is based on regulations and incompatible standard restrictions on mobile portability. The gray market in China provides some elements of directness whereas in India, service providers face network outsourcing and lower entry barriers of sharing. Though openness in mobile fosters broad-based innovation in shaping the future evolution of communications (Baer, et al., 2011). Improvement in customer satisfaction holds critical importance for managers given the advantages of developing customer loyalty for long term success. These linkages become important for mobile telecommunications. According to the loyalty intentions in countries like Brazil, India, China, UK, USA, France and Canada, it was revealed that loyalty on mobile telecommunications was dependant on cultural differences. Moreover, in self-expressionists countries, it was easier to create satisfaction (Aksoy, et al., 2013). The contribution of real assets to GDP in major developing countries like China is 15%, Malaysia is 33%, Taiwan is 52%, Thailand is 24% and In India is 6% that is low as compared to other Asian counterparts (Sethuraman, 2015). Developing countries have largely unbanked population that needs to cater to the customer needs in urban as well as rural areas. Rural customers are in great need for managing their cash flow and money. Farmers find themselves in the short of funds during the time to sow seeds for the next season because they store at home and the money is used for discretionary purchases. Therefore, there is no track of money after that (Gupta, 2013). In developing countries, there is a need to provide urban poor for a joint telecom in the mobile banking model as telecommunications infrastructure has given a base for mobile penetration creating an opportunity for financial enclosure. The top-bottom approach is followed in the current model but or main focus is on the bottom model approach. Therefore, to create a substantial mobile banking encourages the regulators, financial institutions and mobile service providers to engage end users (Mishra and Singh Bisht, 2013). Issues and Challenges in respect to governance, compliance and risk management Secrity and Risk Issues In the widespread model of being bank-centric, there are traditional and emerging risks involved. Traditional risks highlight the issues involve theft of services and loss of revenue. The risks that can arise are information disclosure, fraudulent transactions, privacy infringement and profiling of behavior of user. Whereas emerging risks the use of mobile payments in terms of funding to terrorists and money launderings like transfer repudiation, replay attacks and authentication parameters theft (isaca.org, 2011). Technology risk A technology risk may cause failure leading to interruption in services and may limit customers right to use money and weaken the trst and confidence in the service (Worthy, 2013). Government ensures information and security (IT) issues in compliance are assessed and sudited on a periodic basis using short awareness capsules to be delivered frequently (Godse, et al., 2013) Business process Assurance/Convergence- To maximize the efficiency and effectiveness using organizational resources. Value Delivery- Risk of investments in support of business objectives (Banking Finance and Accounting Concepts methodologies tools and applications, 2015). Operational risk and Reputational risk It arises due to loss of deficiencies in the system such that leads to reliability and integrity issues. It can also arise from the lack of understanding in security and confidentiality. Reputational risk also creates actions like negative public image and devaluing te maintained customer relationship (Mohammad, 2015). This paper in terms of mobile retail banking discussed the mobile retail banking penetration in the countries. Moreover, it highlighted the importance of the customer satisfaction and retention in terms of mobile banking relation in Bank of America. Different countries laid different results for adoption of mobile banking app. Therefore, on a general context, countries faced some challenges regarding risk and governance compliance. 2. Capital Adequacy measured by banks as suggested by Bank of International Settlements in Base II and Identifying and Discussing the problems herewith. Basel II is the second recommendations by Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. Basel II recommendations published in 2004 and it was implemented from 2008. It intended to control how much capital a bank should hold to protect itself from any operational or financial risks. Banks are exposed to risk as they are engaged in lending, investing and trading activities. The greater the bank is exposed to risk, the more capital the bank should hold. To limit competitive inequality amongst the banks that are active internationally, it tried to maintain sufficient consistency of regulation. It aimed to provide safeguards to banks against insolvency (Pasha et al., 2012). Hence, it recommended maintaining a certain amount of capital, which is referred as minimum capital requirements. Bank of International Settlements or BIS is a bank for central banks. It is limited by shares owned by the central banks of different countries. It contains 60 members. The main two objectives of this bank are to make a reserve transparent and to maintain capital adequacy. Capital adequacy is simply measured by the ratio of capital to risk. CAR= Total Capital / Risk Weighted Asset (Reserve Bank of New Zeland, 2015). It can be expressed in terms of percentage also. The minimum requirement level of CAR is set at 8% (Bank of International Settlement, 2015). Some countries prefer to maintain CAR more than the minimum level to strong their financial base. However, BIS faces problem in measuring capital adequacy. To calculate capital, some adjustments are required in the value of capital in the balance sheet. There are two types of capital, tier one capital and tier two capital (Calomiris et al., 2014). Tier one capital is permanent and more liquid in nature that can absorb losses without insolvency of the bank. It helps to protect bank as well contributes to maintaining the stability in the financial market. Tier two capital absorbs losses that just helps the bank to sustain and provides no protection for the customers. This type of capital is less useful to provide support to the bank. Apart from these two kinds, Basel Accord categorized another type of capital that gives a buffer against losses when both of the other tiers fail. In every country, the central banks decide the minimum CAR and monitor it to provide safeguards to the depositors. CAR reflects the bank's capability to withstand any unfavorable condition. If the value is higher, this implies the bank has sufficient capital to survive a crisis (Demirgucà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Kunt et al., 2013). The value of Capital asset can be overrated, as they might not reflect the proper market conditions. Moreover, the risk associated with every trade, investment and lending; may not assess properly. Hence, if the bank underestimates the risk of an asset, then the denominator is less, and CAR will show a sophisticated value, but in reality, it is not the case. Similarly, if the bank overvalues its capital then also CAR will be higher and will not represent the proper condition. The major problem is that, giving risk weight to credit exposures. Risk weight given to the risky assets can be manipulated, hence biased (Hall, 2013). Bank may give low weight to some risky ass et in order to maximise their lending. So, the value of CAR thus does not reflect the bank's original exposure to risk. Capital adequacy alone is not sufficient to measure bank's solvency. BIS struggle to maintain capital adequacy, as some country do not want to maintain the minimum requirement, which is set at a high level. It can be said that, those central banks who have calculated CAR in a proper way and attained minimum level are actually risk-resistant, but those who have overestimated the value, and if the value is more than the minimum requirement then actually they are not at all risk-resistant (Xuebin, 2012). Overvaluing the capital asset is practiced in order to attain easily the minimum target easily. Therefore, CAR does not reflect the proper capability of the banks. If the minimum capital adequacy ratio is not attained the financial authority of the country undertakes some measures to improve the capital base of the respective banks (Schaeck and Cihak, 2012). If the ca pital is not adequate, the central bank tries to increase its capital holding by increasing it several rates. One of the ways to increase the capital holding is that, central bank itself reserves a percentage of commercial banks' total deposit in the form of cash. Some central banks like Reserve Bank of India, also prescribed to maintain a percentage in the form of gold, cash, and other approved securities that are to be kept in the respective commercial banks (Sircar and Goel, 2015). This is known as Statutory Liquidity Rario. CRR controls liquidity in the economy and SLR prevents the banks to put more money in the economy. This paper will now focus on the importance of maintaining the cash reserve ratio as an important funding resource. Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) is a percentage of total deposits by the customers, which is to be held as a reserve with the central bank of the country by all commercial banks (Acharya et al. 2012). This amount is maintained as the reserve to ensure that banks do not run out of money. If the depositors suddenly want to withdraw their money, then the bank can provide cash with the help of this reserve. However, this is a rare circumstance when all depositors withdraw their money. The main rationale behind maintaining CRR is to control the lending of the banks. CRR is an important monetary tool. The central banks control the rate of cash to be reserved. The Central bank of a country increases CRR to decrease the money supply and reduces CRR to increase the supply of money in the economy. When CRR is increased, commercial banks have less amount of money to be lent or invested. Hence, less money goes into the market (Mallick, 2014). Moreover, in order to maintain a high rate of cash reserve, banks increase the interest on the loan or decreases interest on deposits. As a result of these changes in interest rate, customers are less likely to take loans or deposit in the bank. By this way, a central bank can reduce the money flow in the market by reducing multiplier effect (Karim et al., 2014). In contrast, when the central bank reduces CRR, it implies that more money is available to the bank that can be lent to them. As the CRR is low, the bank can afford a lower interest rate on loan and a better interest rate on the deposit. This will encourage the investors to take loan and customers to deposit money in the bank. As a result, there will be more flow of money in the economy. By this way, central bank controls inflation in the economy. CRR of Bank Of England is 4% as on December, 2015 (Robinson, 2015). This means that all commercial banks of UK must reserve 4% of their deposit with the central bank of the country in form of cash. The paper discussed about the Basel II norms and its recommendations. Following that, this report has mentioned the problem with the risk-based capital approach of Basel II, faced by Bank of International Settlement (BIS). The paper also focused on the importance of maintaining the cash reserve ratio (CRR) as an important tool to meet daily requirements of bank and to influence the deposits of the customers. 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WWI and WWII Essay Example For Students

WWI and WWII Essay Large scale nationalistic values arose in 19th century Europe. This was a time when the majority of the political systems favored liberalism, a belief that there should be a free market economy and also people were rewarded because of their talent not there inherited privilege.Nationalism can be defined in many ways. The simplest is that people devote themselves to the interests and culture of their particular nation. Nationalistic thought also includes the idea that nations will benefit from acting independently rather then collectively. This view creates immense tension because international goals are neglected. The world wars occurred during the height of nationalism. Many people say that nationalism played important roles leading into and also during both wars. Nationalistic values were one major cause of both world wars. The first war was started while many European countries were scrambling for colonies in Africa and many other places. This caused the countries to conflict ofte n. The second world war saw many causes, particularly the Treaty of Versailles and the rise of Adolf Hitler. After these wars certain generations were affected by them in profound ways. After each war many of the diaries and memoirs of the survivors were published for the whole world to read. All Quiet on the Western Front and Elie Weisels Night, both serve as reminders of the horrible tragedy of war. These novels can be viewed as critiques of nationalism because the main characters in them provide a deep insight into the true European life and culture and they also offer many alternatives to the idea of nationalism when trying to identify themselves. Both novels showed the ugly side of nationalism. Bibliography: We will write a custom essay on WWI and WWII specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now